A brief history of Taiwan； "Newswires don't tell the full story"

There was a report of Associated Press stating that, "Taiwan split from China amid a civil war".  This is not an accurate description of the history.   It is regrettable AP reporters refuse to correct the error.  Taiwan was never a part of China that was established in 1911.  Therefore, Taiwan never did "split from China amid a civil war".  Taiwan was never involved "in a civil war with Mao's communist army in China" ! 

This is the brief history of Taiwan:

 1.      Taiwan had been a colony of Japan since the defeat of Ching Dynasty of China in a Sino-Japanese war, according to the peace Treaty of Shimonoseki  馬關條約 (1895).  Prior to this war, Taiwan was loosely administered by Ching Dynasty of China as a province only for 8 years.

2.      Following the 1945 Japanese defeat in the WWII, Japan “gave up” Taiwan according to the San Francisco Peace Treaty 舊金山和約 (Sept, 8, 1951).

3.      However, after the war, the commander of the US Army Forces of Far East, Douglas MacArthur, ordered Nationalist Party (KMT國民黨) Chiang Kai-Shek蔣介石 to take a foothold in Taiwan in 1947.

4.      Chiang brought his ragtag soldiers that was so corrupt and utterly defeated by Mao’s communist army to the island and formed a government-in-exile, Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan, claiming the island to be a part of China and exercised the martial law for more than 35 years, the longest known in the world’s history.

5. In 1955, U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, co-author of the Peace Treaty, affirmed that the treaty ceded Taiwan to no one; that Japan "merely renounced sovereignty over Taiwan".

6.      Taiwan elected its first Taiwanese president, Lee Teng-hui 李登輝, in 1988, who stated that Taiwan and China is a “special country-to-country relations”.

7.      Lee was followed by another Taiwanese, elected president Chen Shui-bian陳水扁 in 2000, who emphasized Taiwanese identity and sovereignty.

8.      Current Ma Ing-jeou馬英九, a KMT, whose father was a Chinese, took office in 2008, and then made known his position that "Taiwan is a part of China" after the election, as China demanded, despite 90% of the islanders wishing to be either independent or remain status quo, a de facto independence for fear of Chinese attack.

9. At present, the Taiwan's democracy is protected by the US Congress' Taiwan Relations Act (1979), and Six Assurances (1982).

The following is an article in Taipei Times in 2005:

Newswires don't tell the full story

By Gerrit van der Wees /

Thu, Jan 06, 2005 - Page 8

The international newswires generally present the facts as they happen. They pick out the essential news items, describe them in a brief and easy-to-read text, and send them out into the world.

However, every once in a while there is a text that is repeated so often by the newswires that the general public starts to accept it as a "fact," whether it is fiction or not.

There is a sentence that reappears in virtually every single article by AP, AFP or Reuters about Taiwan and China, which seems to be accepted as a "fact" these days. The sentence generally goes as follows: "Taiwan split away from China in 1949 after the Chinese Civil War. Beijing still sees the island as part of its territory, to be reunited by force, if necessary."

This sentence conjures up the image that, in the mid-1940s, Taiwan was somehow part of China, and that it left the fold. In this picture, it makes it sound right and reasonable for China to "want it back."

The reality is a bit more complex: In 1895 Taiwan was ceded to Japan in perpetuity, and through 1945 it was a Japanese colony. The history before 1895 was even more complex, but suffice it to say that the Chinese emperors never gave Taiwan a thought, and hardly ever had any administrative control over it until 1887, when the Manchus briefly made it a Chinese province, which it was for a mere eight years.

In the 1920s and 1930s, the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) were battling each other in China, and neither cared much about Taiwan, which was under Japanese control. Records show that the CCP, the predecessors of the present authorities in Beijing, supported Taiwan's independence from Japan. Mao Zedong (毛澤東) even said so himself, to American author Edgar Snow.

The picture started to change in 1942-1943, during the run-up to the Cairo Conference, when Chiang Kai-shek (蔣介石) claimed that Taiwan should be "returned" to his Nationalist regime headquartered in Nanking. Not to be outdone, the CCP began claiming that it should be returned to them.

After the end of the war and the capitulation of Japan, the commander of the Allied forces, General Douglas MacArthur, authorized a temporary occupation of Taiwan by the KMT.

In the meantime, the civil war in China erupted again, in 1949. Chiang and his government and remaining troops had to flee to Taiwan, and the occupation was not so temporary anymore. The facts show that Taiwan did not "split off" from China, but was occupied by the losing side of the Chinese Civil War -- an essential difference.

It is also essential to point out that Taiwan was never -- even for one day -- in its history a part of the People's Republic of China. It is thus fallacious to say that it somehow should be "reunified" with China.

It is of course common knowledge that the KMT authorities during their 40 odd years of martial law pursued the "unification" of China under their rule, but as the decades passed, this became less feasible or realistic. Unfortunately, from an international perspective, their pursuit became synonymous with "Taiwan," but the difference is essential.

After the Taiwanese people brought about their momentous transition to democracy in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the rest of the world should have adjusted its policy towards the nation. The old and anachronistic "one China" policy was devised in response to a situation in which two governments, the KMT and the CCP, each claimed to represent China.

This has changed: There is indeed one government -- in Beijing -- representing China. But in Taiwan there is no longer a regime claiming to be the legitimate government of China, but a democratic government, representing the people of Taiwan.

An overwhelming majority of the people in Taiwan, whether pan-blue or pan-green, are proud of their country, want to preserve their hard-won freedom and democracy, and would like their country to be accepted as a full and equal member of the international family of nations.

All this is of course a bit long for the newswires to put in their reports. But they could stick a bit closer to the facts by including something along the following lines: Taiwan was a Japanese colony until 1945, after which it was occupied by Chiang's KMT -- the losing side of the Chinese civil war. It made a momentous transition to democracy in the early 1990s.

Beijing sees the democratic nation of 23 million as a part of Chinese territory. The Taiwanese, on the other hand, want to preserve their hard-won freedom and democracy. This is a more complete and accurate picture of Taiwan's complex history.

Gerrit van der Wees is editor of Taiwan Communique.

Published on Taipei Times :

http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2005/01/06/2003218258