Although it is clear that influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory
syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and adenovirus are important
causes of pneumonia, the role of rhinoviruses and some of the newly
described viruses, including human coronaviruses and human bocavirus,
is harder to determine.
Human bocavirus is a small single-stranded DNA-containing virus
classified in the family _Parvoviridae_. It is one of the many
respiratory pathogens affecting infants and young children. 4 species
of human bocavirus (HBoV) have been recently discovered and classified
in the Bocavirus genus (family Parvoviridae, subfamily Parvovirinae).
Although detected both in respiratory and stool samples worldwide,
HBoV1 is predominantly a respiratory pathogen, whereas HBoV2, HBoV3,
and HBoV4 have been found mainly in stool.
A variety of signs and symptoms have been described in patients with
HBoV infection including rhinitis, pharyngitis, cough, dyspnea,
wheezing, pneumonia, acute otitis media, fever, nausea, vomiting, and
diarrhea. Many of these potential manifestations have not been
systematically explored, and they have been questioned because of high
HBoV co-infection rates in symptomatic subjects and high HBoV
detection rates in asymptomatic subjects. However, evidence is
mounting to show that HBoV1 is an important cause of lower respiratory
tract illness. The best currently available diagnostic approaches are
quantitative PCR and serology. [See: T Jartti, et al. Rev Med Virol.
2012 Jan;22(1):46-64).
The name bocavirus is derived from bovine and canine, referring to the
2 known hosts for other members of this genus; the bovine parvovirus
which infects cattle, and the minute virus of canines which infects
dogs.[7] Parvoviruses (Latin: small viruses) have a 5 kilobase long
single-stranded DNA, and they use some of their host's replication
proteins to copy their DNA. - Mod.CP
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