2012年5月28日 星期一

中華民國總統之合法性



 




中華民國總統應回金馬就職




蔣為文




中華民國即將於五月二十日辦理總統就職典禮。我們在此建議中華民國應盡速遷回金門與馬祖,並在金馬辦理總統就職大典。理由如下:




第一,中華民國固有疆域不包含台灣。中華民國的憲法源自一九三六年五月五日在中國公布的中華民國憲法草案(簡稱五五憲草)。五五憲草第四條述明「中華民國領土為江蘇、浙江、安徽、江西、湖北、湖南、四川、西康、河北、山東、山西、河南、陝西、甘肅、青海、福建、廣東、廣西、雲南、貴州、遼寧、吉林、黑龍江、熱河、察哈爾、綏遠、寧夏、新疆、蒙古、西藏等固有之疆域。」此外,依據現行中華民國憲法(一九四七年一月一日公布)第四條規定,「中華民國領土,依其固有之疆域,非經國民大會之決議,不得變更之。」何謂固有之疆域?依五五憲草規定,台灣並非中華民國的固有領土。




第二,中華民國可以來台,是代表聯軍接受日軍投降。一九四五年日本天皇正式投降後,美國總統簽署同意由聯軍統帥麥克阿瑟發布一般命令第一號(General
Order No. 1)
。該命令其中一項內容為指派蔣介石代表聯軍到台灣及越南北部接受日軍投降。照理講,完成受降任務後蔣介石軍隊就須從當地撤退。譬如,駐越二十萬蔣介石大軍已於一九四六年夏天從越南撤退。可是,蔣介石不僅不從台灣撤軍,甚至還將中華民國流亡政權搬來台北。




第三,依照佔領不得移轉主權的國際原則,中華民國不能在台灣就地合法。承上所述,為何蔣介石不從台灣撤退?因為他在中國「打輸走贏」!一九四九年中國共產黨於中國建立中華人民共和國。那時蔣介石僅擁有中國的金門與馬祖。為增加稅收、兵源及土地,蔣介石的中華民國只好藉「播遷來台」的名義賴在台灣不走。這種「乞食趕廟公」的情形猶如到旅社住宿,住久了卻說自己擁有旅社的所有權。其實,根據國際慣例,佔領不得移轉主權。此外,一九五二年生效的舊金山和約也重申,佔領軍應於完成任務三個月內撤軍。台灣人有權力依據舊金山和約要求中華民國遷回金馬,台灣人沒有義務「認賊作父」。




第四,Chinese Taipei (中華台北)的真實意涵為「Chinese
government in exile in Taipei
(中華民國流亡政府在台北)。國際慣例上經常以Chinese
Taipei
來稱呼中華民國。中華民國故意翻譯成中華台北,其實,其真正意涵為中華民國流亡政府在台北。以歐洲國家「波蘭」為例,二次大戰期間因德國納粹及蘇聯入侵,故波蘭政府於1940年流亡到英國倫敦,並建立Polish
government in exile in London (
波蘭流亡政府在倫敦),簡稱Polish
London
,直至1990年才結束流亡政權。




第五,一中或二中,均屬中國家務事。馬英九擔任中華民國總統期間,不僅親中,且一再表示中國接受「一中各表」。既然中華民國與中華人民共和國已簽定ECFA,形同結束敵對狀態。中華民國及其軍眷全體遷回金馬應該沒有安全的顧慮,不必擔心中華民國被中華人民共和國併吞。台灣人應依戰爭法的國際慣例,譬如琉球民政府模式,自行組織民政府,之後再公民投票決定政治前途。




(作者為成功大學台文系副教授)




原文發表於台灣時報4版專論2012/4/25




http://blog.libertytimes.com.tw/uibun/2012/04/25/115860


 


Taiwan was never a part of China that was established in 1911. Therefore, Taiwan never did "split from China amid a civil war". Taiwan was never involved "in a civil war with Mao's communist army in China" !


This is the brief history of Taiwan:


1. Taiwan had been a colony of Japan since the defeat of Ching Dynasty of China in a Sino-Japanese war, according to the peace Treaty of Shimonoseki 馬關條約 (1895). Prior to this war, Taiwan was loosely administered by Ching Dynasty of China as a province only for 8 years.


2. Following the 1945 Japanese defeat in the WWII, Japan “gave up” Taiwan according to the San Francisco Peace Treaty 舊金山和約 (Sept, 8, 1951).


3. However, after the war, the commander of the US Army Forces of Far East, Douglas MacArthur, ordered Nationalist Party (KMT國民黨) Chiang Kai-Shek蔣介石 to take a foothold in Taiwan in 1947.


4. Chiang brought his ragtag soldiers that was so corrupt and utterly defeated by Mao’s communist army to the island and formed a government-in-exile, Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan, claiming the island to be a part of China and exercised the martial law for more than 35 years, the longest known in the world’s history.


5. In 1955, U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, co-author of the Peace Treaty, affirmed that the treaty ceded Taiwan to no one; that Japan "merely renounced sovereignty over Taiwan".


6. Taiwan elected its first Taiwanese president, Lee Teng-hui 李登輝, in 1988, who stated that Taiwan and China is a “special country-to-country relations”.


7. Lee was followed by another Taiwanese, elected president Chen Shui-bian陳水扁 in 2000, who emphasized Taiwanese identity and sovereignty.


8. Current Ma Ing-jeou馬英九, a KMT, whose father was a Chinese, took office in 2008, and then made known his position that "Taiwan is a part of China" after the election, as China demanded, despite 90% of the islanders wishing to be either independent or remain status quo, a de facto independence for fear of Chinese attack.


9. At present, the Taiwan's democracy is protected by the US Congress' Taiwan Relations Act (1979), and Six Assurances (1982).






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