[台灣要有新的、有勇氣、肯犧牲的領導人，帶領人民改變目前傾中、降中的趨勢、保衛台灣人主權、維護台灣人的民主、自由、人權。] 劫掠‧黨產‧二二八 ◎ 雲程 二二八事件發生的一九四七年，是太平洋戰爭從結束到和平條約前的「敵意軍事占領期」。蔣介石元帥與其複委託的陳儀長官都是代表盟軍總部（ＧＨＱ）的占領當局。他們視台灣人為日本國民，屠殺乃戰爭的一部分，難怪戰勝的國府高官總是抗拒道歉。至今部分高階將領仍否定當年造成台灣人民的巨大痛苦與死亡，連民主也無法讓他們釋懷昔日的敵我。 但二二八的痛苦更來自戰後劫掠。 終戰伊始，為了報復、賠償，也為了解除日本帝國主義再起，ＧＨＱ在一九四五年十一月十五日決定實施「中間賠償計劃」（interim reparation plan）︱︱以實物賠償為原則，允許戰勝國在維持日本人民最低生活標準的前提下，立即沒收日本與海外占領區物資與金融資產、拆卸工業設施，做為日本支付占領費用、充當賠償，以重建戰勝國經濟。 為此，一九四六年行政院設置「賠償委員會」，聲稱：中國公私損害達到三一三億美元，台灣為六十億日圓，而日本在華三．八億美元資產中的七十五％屬於侵略所得……。在各國分配比例未定下，各占領區日產沒收與拆卸作業已如火如荼展開，受命來台的蔣介石部隊自不例外。 為因應共產主義擴張，「中間賠償計劃」雖在一九四八年終止，但中國與菲律賓等仍強力反對。嗣後以「舊金山和約」第十四條：日本放棄所有海外公私財產給占領當局當成戰爭賠償做為妥協。其後，戰勝方仍以各種面貌持續著賠償主張。 一個大哉問：一九四五年十二月六日占領南韓的美國軍政府雖透過「第三十三號指令」，沒收了日本公私財產，卻於一九四八年九月十一日依「美韓間財政與財產相關協定」第五條轉讓給大韓民國。而同為日本外地的台灣，其公私日產（當年幣值高達十九億美元以上，折合今日約近七千億新台幣），卻被蔣介石占領當局私納為國民黨產，至今仍被恣意花用左右選舉結果。這不是沒收敵產，也非中間賠償，而是「海牙第四公約」第四十七條所嚴禁的劫掠（Pillage is formally forbidden）。 二二八、黨產與台灣地位，甚至「上海公報」，都是終戰處理的一環或後續。台灣人必須整合個別議題轉而把握整體脈絡，才能揮別歷史傷痛，理性而有效主張被我們遺忘的權利。（作者著有《放眼國際：領土地位變遷與台灣，http://tw.myblog.yahoo.com/hoon-ting） They are about the pillage: the 228 Incident & KMT properties 1947, the year that 228 Incident occurred, was by all means the "hostile occupation period" of the Allies, which extended from the end of war to the entering into force of the treaty of peace, according to the US Military Codes as well as laws of war. Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek (CKS) and his subordinate General Chen Yi, the Administrator of Taiwan, were the proxy occupation authority by the Supreme Command of Allied Powers / General Head Quarter (SCAP/GHQ). Taiwanese, who spoke Japanese then, were subjects of Japanese Empire. In this regard, suppression or even massacre of civilians was just a part of war, even if the war had ended. To many servicepersons, it was nothing odd in the hostile occupation. No wonder the victorious Chinese Nationalist authority has been reluctant to apologize to Taiwanese victims in the 228 Incident. A high-ranking general Hau still denies the massive deaths and the sufferings of the Incident 65 years later, and even two decades' democratization could not alter his biased view on who is the victor. The pillage of CKS proxy occupation after the end of war, in fact, has prolonged the 228 sufferings. For revenge, reparation, paying for the occupation expenses and neutralizing Japanese capacity to restart the war, SCAP/GHQ drafted an "Interim Reparation Plan" on November 15, 1945, which allowed the UN allies to confiscate Japanese financial assets and to dissemble their industrial facilities, either public or private, in Japan and its overseas territories under occupation. The nationalist government of China set up a reparation committee to deal with it. They claimed the reparation of31.3 billion US dollars damages on Japan, in addition to some 6 billion Yen loss to Taiwan; and three-fourths of 380 million US dollars Japanese assets in China were claimed to have derived from China during the invasion.[1] As the shares among the UN allies in the Plans were never confirmed, the allies could not wait to split up the massive assets. The CKS authority was no exception. To counter the ever-growing communists and as a consequence of the Reverse Course in 1947, the Plan was terminated in 1948 under the strong protest of China and the Philippines. The reparation was finalized in Article 14 of the San Francisco Peace Treaty, in which Japan renounced all their private and public assets to the occupation authority and local government as reparation. However, many UN allies kept claiming reparation on Japan. A big question remains: Taiwan and Korea were two similar foreign territories to Japanese Empire before the War. The US military government in South Korean issued Directive No. 33 to confiscate all Japanese assets on December 6, 1945, and transferred them to South Korean government on September 11, 1948 according to Article 5 of the Agreement referring to Finances and Assets between the US and South Korea. According to the case of South Korea, the vast Japanese fortunes should have been transferred to the Taiwanese legitimate government, not proxy occupation authority. Quite the opposite, CKS confiscated some 1.9 billion US dollars Japanese assets in Taiwan, which was equivalent to some 700 billion NT dollars today[2], and laundered them into the pocket of Kuomintang (KMT), the Chinese Nationalist Party which stayed loyal to CKS personally. They have been used as a partisan weapon to defeat KMT's political rivals and have thus kept KMT in power with or without the election. The laundering that occurred around 1947, the year that KMT committed the 228 slaughter, was neither a legitimate confiscation under the laws of war, nor an interim reparation. In fact, it was against Article 47 of "the Convention respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land," or known as "The IV Hague Convention of 1907," which stipulates "Pillage is formally forbidden." The 228 Incident, the vast KMT assets, Taiwan's undecided status, and even the Shanghai Communiqué on February 28, 1972, which has exactly the 40th anniversary today, are all episodes of WWII aftermath. We should study and integrate all the relevant issues and master the SFPT system before we claim our legitimate rights and correct these injustices. revised on 20120229
|
| 台灣茉莉花：黨產歸零 ◎ 盧孝治 台灣必須發起「茉莉花運動」，其訴求簡單有力：國民黨黨產歸零（或謂歸公）。 黨產乃國民黨侵占、掠奪二戰後日人在台之產業，此財產應歸台灣全民或公庫所有。黨產不公不義之性質，國民黨亦不敢否認，馬英九也多次信誓旦旦要把「黨產歸零」，然多年來，國民黨堅持歷史之惡，劣根性不改，說歸說，就是不做！ 一個黨坐擁龐大黨產與黨營事業，在全世界民主國家絕無僅有，只要黨產一天存在，台灣絕無公平之選舉可言，台灣社會也絕不可能實現公平正義！ 國民黨之黨產係萬惡之首、弊端之源，多少不可告人之勾當乃因黨產而能實現。靠著此筆天大黨產，多少騙術、賄選、洗腦之醜陋罪行才能進行。 吾人無法期望新國會能逼使國民黨黨產歸零，有志之士應以街頭運動、群眾運動─台灣「茉莉花運動」，逼迫國民黨說到做到，交出黨產，台灣才有公平之選舉可言！台灣正常、健康、合理的民主政治於焉開始！ 推動「台灣茉莉花：黨產歸零」一役，至少讓歷史留下紀錄，至少讓票投馬英九之六九○萬人知道渠等「勝之不武」，甚至「丟臉」之至！ 二○一二總統之役，已讓台民清楚競爭對手不僅是國民黨，更包括背後之中國共產黨。但吾人仍寄希望於中國人民中之良心人士，渠等既然為小英之敗選感言而落淚，更應努力讓中國人民了解：倘再支持國民黨，則不啻是支持不公不義之黑金財團─除非黨產歸零！ （作者為台灣之友會桃園分會會長） |
沒有留言:
張貼留言